Organisations

• The units and sub units and further sub division, along with adequate support staff requirement, must be very rightly provided.

• Overstaffing or understaffing provisions may damage the organization’s efficiency. Similarly, the quantum of work assignment may lower the organizational efficiency if not assigned properly and may lead to conflicting situations.

• Unity of command is to be followed. Everyone should seek advice from and report to the boss. A subordinate should not put on works under two bosses

• The organizational structure must be understandable by all work force to the extent desired.

• Cost, quality, and time overrun variations must be avoided by providing necessary monitoring and control measures at required levels, and timely feedback arrangement should be there with the help of well-balanced organizational communication system.

• Efficiency and effectiveness of the organization required to achieve the goal must reflect in organizational structure design.

• Top management should delegate authority at each level and avoid unnecessary direct involvement at other levels.

Why Project Management

Sometimes senior person or specialist of the organization are appointed to takes over the responsibility of project manager. Such person may not be fruitful unless he cashes the opportunity given with his will power and using both the IQ and the Emotional Intelligence. But it is not desirable to do so.

A professional should be appointed with wider work area knowledge of all the subjects, may be in little depth. Project Manager, if selected because of his knowledge, tools and techniques, skills and their application, and to the satisfaction of organization, may ultimately be responsible for success or failure of the project.

Project manager must use both art (the use of Emotional Intelligence) and science of management (the use of work-oriented IQ) to manage his work.

When moving towards understanding the project management one must have a real-world idea of what is project. Also, an experience of working on projects will enhance the understanding process of project management.

But why project management? Why it is required?

If you have the experience of projects in real life you might have come across the following shortcomings during or after the project operations stage:

Poor work quality and more rework

Too much pursuance on resource management.

Overtime and cost overrun

Unrealistic plans

Financials irregularity and mis planning

Poor information system

Issues of health safety security and environment

Dissatisfaction of stakeholders

Poor risk and procurement and costing

The above problems can be avoided if

Project charter is there.

Roles and responsibilities are defined

Planning is done with the consent of stakeholders

Historical information and lesson learnt are taken in account in project planning and execution

PMO is in place to guide

EEF an OPA are being incorporated in project planning

Proper work breakdown structure and estimating procedures

Stakeholders are managed

Good communication and PMIS system

Earned value management

Professional project management along with following Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct.

Th project management incorporate some points as mentioned above and others for streamline project operations.

It is also noted that project managers posted on the project are specialist in or the other streams.

There is no need of a specialist for the project manager, instead a generalist having wider area experience but not much in depth. is a suitable person.

Lessons learnt on the previous projects must be well understood and utilized

The organizations that generally exists are as follows:

Line organization – As discussed in the functional structure chart

Line organizations are headed by a person responsible for achieving organizational objective such as President or CEO at level one of organization chart and may have different departments under him such as Production, Marketing, HR etcetera at level two. Each department may be spitted further vertically and horizontally as per the necessities involved in creation of organizational structure.

Each department has direct vertical relationship with the organization, not lateral unless permission granted by top authority.

Authority and accountability are decided at all levels.

An organization has its business goal or objective to achieve.

Authority travels downwards from top and accountability upwards from bottom along the chain of command.

The level unit head has control over unit’s performance

At each level there may be work breakdown structure as shown in work break down structure chart

The business unit the line staff is posted one below the other as per column B in unity of command, authority flow is from top to bottom. Responsibility, authority and accountability is clearly defined

Line and staff organization – As discussed in functional structure In line and staff organization structure chart.

The business unit line staff as column B is provided with support staff as per column C. The support staff is provided for advisory roles only. The unity of command, authority flow is from top to bottom. Responsibility, authority and accountability is clearly defined